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Every occupied building must bring in outdoor air to dilute contaminants and maintain indoor air quality, with minimum rates established by ASHRAE Standard 62.1 based on occupancy type and floor area.
A dedicated outdoor air system (DOAS) conditions 100% outside air in a separate, purpose-built unit, decoupling the ventilation load from the equipment handling the space heating and cooling loads.
Because outdoor air carries most of a building's latent (moisture) load, treating it separately allows the DOAS to dehumidify deeply while the zone equipment — VRF, water-source heat pumps, or fan coils — handles only the sensible load it does best. Energy recovery from the exhaust airstream, required by ASHRAE 90.1 in most applications, recaptures heat and moisture that would otherwise be thrown away.
DOAS is particularly well-suited to high-occupancy buildings such as schools, offices, and multifamily projects, and is the standard ventilation partner for VRF and heat pump systems that cannot introduce outside air on their own.